Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Example for Free

Incredible Little Box Company Case Study Essay Issue Statement Idea Points The company’s unique casual, straightforward structure has proceeded onward to a natural structure has now grown out of itself. How does GLBC actualize an auxiliary recovery and still hold and assimilate clients in a market that is done enduring a financial down turn. By what means can this new structure be utilized against the opposition in a worldwide market How would we impact and agent different degrees of Authority and Legitimate capacity to representatives to assist authoritative productivity How would we execute various ideas of intensity type to our current and future authoritative structure? With the procurement of new organizations, interorganizational struggle will emerge. Basic and individual components lead to struggle in associations. What key elements would we be able to take a shot at to elevate Emotional Intelligence? Manifestations We can see that the organization began as a little structure. The force was in the possession of Robert Meggie † taking requests to making deals calls to running one of the machines and delivery out the finished orders.† Master Power has been executed through the recruiting of an as of late laid off sales rep from probably the biggest organization (flexibly transporting first). The individual from the association â€Å"Upped our business 80 percent overnight† †and featured the significance of a solid deals power In the end Meggie required the aptitudes and skill of someone else (for deals and promoting) Meggie was then dependable just for organization and creation (we can see a change into a marginally progressively divisional structure, in view of the administrations) * Administration * Production *Marketing *Sales The Six kinds of OD structures can fall under two thorough classifications (Mechanistic and Organic) we can distinguish GLBC as being nearer to the natural side. (Nobody organization can be simply be from one side or the other) We can see that size is expanding for the organization (Absorption of Parrot Label (name abilities), Vanisle Packaging (P supplier on Vancouver Island), and Action Box Company (Lead supplier of defensive bundling in BC). This likewise advances the Formalization and Specialization of the organization. This in turns decentralizes dynamic. The past financial downturn had the little, nimble organization cut into an edge in the market. In any case, the now developing extension has the requirement for key pioneer transport that can encourage access to the company’s capacities and information. We don't have any sort of normalization data present for this organization. We don't have anything that focuses to distinguishing proof of a normalization of organization the board. (Rules, Policies, Documentation) As the organization is proceeding to develop, centralization is additionally developing. This is exhibited by the month to month gatherings that Meggie controls. The data shared is a vehicle of strengthening for the individuals underneath him at the different areas. Meggie additionally meets with everybody two times per year in gatherings, to give â€Å"a condition of the nation† (Centralized Authority Structure) It is conceivable to accept that as the intricacy of the structure increments, so does the political component of the key choice procedures As the organization develops Meggie might be faces with an issue where he may need to adjust effectiveness direction and the quality direction of the association. Issue Analysis Data Technology and correspondence frameworks can prompt interworking with the organization. These organizations are not so much progressive but rather more drew in into outer systems administration. This will prevent a deferral in dynamic, and increment the nature of the choices being made. The correct data is meeting with the opportune individuals. Also, nobody is being over-burden with information. Organizing plans can be not as successful in an evolving structure, if the it is planned ineffectively GLBC on occasion may encounter feebleness can because of existing staff being gathered with recently obtained organizations, and experience struggle. (Changing OD Structure) We should share power between individuals to extend strengthening to the individuals? Data Power is the entrance and control to data that can be utilized by directors to build up power. We should utilize current advances to share the best possible data to the correct individuals A significant level of Vertical Differentiation must be set up for the association to think about developing in size (worldwide market). Even Differentiation must be at a level where the necessities of the clients are met by the particular Organizational Units (residential and remote tasks). Struggle can emerge from the inappropriate gathering of procedures. Allude to page 253 (Technology) Formalization, specialization, normalization, and centralization. †Must permit the best possible position to settle on key choices, however permit the parent firm to permit the objectives of the association to be under tight restraints simultaneously. Page 253 (Size) Auxiliary Factors can pave the way to a reason for strife in an association. We can distinguish this through the specialization of organizations that have been consumed by GLBC. In a major box organization, Interdependence will get predominant. All the gatherings depend on one another to make the completed item. It one segment where to come up short, it will be simple for one of the gatherings to accuse another gathering.( Negative Consequences ) Utilitarian Conflict †Can be utilized to elevate new answers for issues and advance innovativeness. Suggested Solutions We need to pave the way to a semi self-ruling framework. Where associations can self-oversee and controls themselves. o The negative outcome in picking this course is the chance if an area of the organization to forget about the focal point of the organization. o A segment may be given so much opportunity that they can prompt an immense monetary misfortune in not under wraps o Can be certain because of power based choices to be moved totally to another independent unit, in this way having speed and being unrestricted by legislative issues. o Delegation of assignments (Semi-Autonomous) will consistently reply to the association yet at the same time be permitted to do whatever its might feeling like doing Authority, Legitimate Power †Can be conveyed to explicit individuals with the utilization of data innovation (For a model, Microsoft Domain Networks with discrete Organizational Units) the best possible individuals with have the best possible information, (The higher ups can be presented to all the more yet not really work with it, individuals lower in the order can see less yet more activity orientated with it. (Objective setting instrument)) o Very like position, Based on shared understanding of the structure and the objective. We should make it obvious to all laborers, who is the place and what they can do. o The adverse side is that, individuals can decide to disregard individuals they don't regard. What's more, later be influenced by referent force (They people moxy) o It’s essential to recognize the group’s primary wellspring of definitive motivations and send somebody who can meet the force needs. o An architect is bound to Expert Power and Reward Power more than the other force types. We can tell this by their character type ENTJ INTP (Intuitive sorts). Maybe regardless of whether we have a ton of EN** we can locate an appealling individual that can a great deal of master power J On the off chance that we can't show an appropriate force structure to an evolving association, we may discover individuals endeavor to depend on political capacity to pick up power. For a model, character deaths. Individuals may begin to bring top picks or put down individuals that won't assist them with accomplishing their capacity objectives. - People may attempt to pick up individuals under an individual plan book - Make themselves look socially better - Influence individuals without utilizing power morally To prevent this, again genuine force can be imparted Vertical Differentiation †We must have strong administration with Authority. Movement up the organization is clear and various leveled. Correspondence streams vertically here and there Weaknesses We have singular holders for each segment of a topographical zone that is accountable for it claims deals, BUT Production is to stay steady over all areas to have the brand item continue as before. The separate promoting is surrendered over to the area is in this way doesn't need to reply to the higher ups CEO in the organization. This will forestall data over-burdening with the OD. The (Project Manager) will be able to work in two distinction zones. As a standard undertakings administrator in the Marketing Dept and as a useful Production director. The opportune individuals to finish the assignments will be pulled from the areas subsequently prompting an associations closeness through the area. Likewise this accommodates a requirement for accomplishment and alliance. Individuals won't feel like they are stuck in a specific territory. Likewise, the capacity to flex positions would be available. When they task is finished staff can be returned or joined with a few structures making a half and half element.

In 1932, Americans Realized That They Had An Increasingly Essays

In 1932, Americans understood that they had an undeniably incredible budgetary issue on their hands, and attempted to address it by bringing together force. The President obtained so much force that the country nearly turned into a socialism, particularly with Roosevelt's presentation of the New Deal. At the point when Franklin Roosevelt became President of the United States in 1933, the country was in the profundities of the most noticeably terrible melancholy it had ever experienced. President Roosevelt, a vivacious and excited individual, enlivened the individuals with his own certainty and confidence later on. He assembled a gathering of individuals sharing his perspectives to support him, and gave food, garments, and safe house for many jobless and neediness stricken Americans. This was a piece of what he called the New Deal, of which his three goals were help, recuperation, and change for American residents. In another endeavor at recuperation, Congress endeavored to resuscitate the country's farming and industry and spot the economy on a strong establishment. They printed additional cash to credit to businesses that immediately took care of it. By 1933 almost 14 million Americans were jobless. Accordingly, the Roosevelt organization quickly propelled what appeared at an opportunity to be a magnificent program of direct alleviation. In 2 years, government offices circulated 3 billion dollars to the states. Be that as it may, the individuals jobless needed employments, not government assistance, in this manner the Works Progress Organization (WPA) appeared. This reestablished some of the lost positions. By 1936, the New Deal program confronted a huge and developing body of restriction, some from inside the Democratic Party itself. Numerous pundits felt that the administration was meddling a lot with the free undertaking framework, and in doing as such, was undermining independence also, majority rule government. This ingestion of intensity by the president is what is known as the Imperial Presidency. Before the finish of 1938, the restriction had become so solid that President Roosevelt chose to defer other enormous changes he had been thinking about. Endless boards of trustees were made to manage the issues of the time, and the President was in charge of every one of them. All this force the President obtained made the official branch become enlarged. World War II additionally incited the administration to enlist many, numerous Americans into the military. Since the President has total command over the military, a more noteworthy armed force gave him more force. The president likewise had power over the government police. Be that as it may, with all the assembling that needed to occur to oblige for all the necessities of war, numerous new thoughts came enthusiastically. So as to help the economy, power was promptly and profoundly concentrated, and the government presented the strategies of cost besides, asset assignment, wage and value controls, and preclusion of strikes. Cost in addition to and asset portion gave the administration much capacity to control businesses. The legislature would retain certain crude materials from organizations except if they were utilizing them to make war utilities. Be that as it may, on the off chance that they chose to concur with the administration, they could set the costs for their items and bring in additional cash. Pay and cost controls were another technique for the administration to help industry. The legislature would expand the cost for which a producer must sell his merchandise and the base wages permissible for various kinds of laborers. This fulfilled everybody on the grounds that the main individual anguish along these lines was the buyer - or for this situation, the legislature. After the Second World War, a virus war with the Soviet Union started. President Roosevelt foreseen that this virus war would bankrupt the Soviet association in their attempting to exceed America's weapon creation. Along these lines the United States needed to apportion quite a bit of its creation into yet more weapon assembling and research. With the government controlling the entirety of America's yield, economy, and industry, the country had moved from a free enterprise economy to about a socialism Americans' social rights had likewise been messed with in the mayhem brought about by the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War with Russia. The social transformation during the 1960s made numerous individuals cheerful, yet in addition gave pointless capacity to the administration, particularly the president. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 denied the privilege of states to pick who gets the opportunity to cast a ballot, and let the government choose. The Roe versus Wade case put authority over premature birth into government hands, and Brown versus the Board of Education let the administrative government control isolation in schools and different circumstances. The country has begun moving back toward the path from which it came prior to World War II, yet as of not long ago has not straightened out totally. Time what's more, exertion, be that as it may, may move a portion of the administrations - and president's -

Romulus My Father Belonging Essay Free Essays

What specific knowledge into a comprehension of having a place have you picked up from Raimond Gaita’s portrayal of his father’s life in Romulus my Father in the early sections of the diary, and how his decision of language, style, voice and the utilization of the journal impacted your reaction to his story so far In the early parts of the journal Gaita gives us pictures and thoughts that he himself procured from his dad, for instance ‘Though the scene is one of uncommon magnificence, to the English or European eye it appears to be barren and significantly following 14 years my facer couldn't get accommodated to it’ is a statement said at an opportune time in the book depicting Romulus’ scorn for the Australian scene which Raimond initially additionally shared until his illumination. Romulus doesn't feel like he can have a place in Australia from the get-go in the section since he despite everything has the pictures of the lavish, green European scen e in his brain and this prompts a feeling of not having a place since he longs for his country. The possibility that the scene shapes your personality and feeling of having a place is something that Gaita strengthens. We will compose a custom paper test on Romulus My Father Belonging Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Another knowledge into having a place that Raimond attempts to pass on is that individuals incline toward the individuals who share comparative qualities/language to them. Romulus is a vagrant and feels lost in this nation yet he at that point finds other Romanian individuals and bonds with them. The house at frogmore which was separated helped shape Gaita’s feeling of having a place since he had a sense of security and free there, this is another case of where you grew up molding your feeling of having a place. On numerous occasions Gaita strengthens the possibility that his dad was a legend and somebody who ought to be respected. This commitment and love for his dad is seen all through the diary and we are told accounts clarifying how Romulus settled on the hard choices and attempted to bring up his child as a decent individual in any event, going so far to beat him to strengthen these goals, for example, lying is awful, regard your folks and not to take. The redundancy of this appreciation is utilized to show the bond between a dad and his kid. The downturn theme gives another knowledge into the fact that it is so difficult to procure a feeling of having a place. Numerous characters in the diary have sadness and this is to accentuation the sentiment of dejection, destruction and non-having a place in view of the transient experience and even Romulus himself experiences conditions of franticness during his life on account of the vagrant experience. Acknowledgment by all individuals is something that individuals must need to have a place or, in all likelihood the bitterness/depression may drive them to frenzy too. Christina is a case of this since she has no feeling of having a place, ventures a ton and has a great deal of darlings. Gaita never says she is a terrible mother even on account of these things, he just reminds us she that she has issues and it isn't her deficiency. Her endeavored self destruction story is utilized to cause us to feel sorry for her and pity since she has always been unable to associate with anything, ‘alone, little, frail†¦forsaken†, this aggregation of modifiers gives us a progressively distinct image of what was going on and how she felt. The story is in first individual account and gives us a firsthand involvement with what had occurred. The journal appears to be all the more genuine to us since it is genuine and in this way we can identify with it better and use it to better our lives. In spite of the fact that his language is progressively matter of certainty toward the start of the diary, his inevitable ascendance changes his language style so much that is evident that is a more shrewd and more intelligent Raimond talking now. This higher insight lets us speak with him better thus we can completely get a handle on what he is attempting to enlighten us regarding having a place and how it is to get that genu ine feeling of having a place. The most effective method to refer to Romulus My Father Belonging Essay, Essay models

Pros and Cons of Using Paper Work Services

Pros and Cons of Using Paper Work ServicesWriting paper's services have been a popular choice for the past many years. This method of studying has been given much credibility in education circles because it is extremely convenient and reduces the cost as well. It is something that all students need to do but a lot of students prefer to get more time to spend with their loved ones instead of doing paperwork.Writing papers is not something new for anyone because it is something that people are doing since time immemorial. For those who have been in school or university for a long time, writing is a very popular means of studying. Paper work has been seen as something that people have to do in order to pass the test and also in order to win admission into certain universities.That being said, there is a big difference between paper work and writing papers. You can choose to do either or both of these. In the case of students who are not used to do this, it may be difficult for them to k now which one they should do. There are, however, a lot of great advantages in this alternative option that you might want to take advantage of.One of the main reasons why a lot of students prefer this method of studying is because it is very easy. All they have to do is write down their papers in the easiest format possible. They just have to make sure that their documents are organized, accurate and helpful to their teachers. This allows them to go over the materials with ease without much effort.Another main reason why students prefer this alternative is because it saves a lot of time. A lot of students still prefer to sit at the computer for a long time just to take the first class and then go home. Then there is another problem, which is that they spend money on computer and other related hardware. In order to do the easy thing and learn without having to spend much time, writing papers is a very good option.Although there are a lot of advantages that come with this option, the re are also a lot of disadvantages to this process of learning. One of the major ones is that students are required to sit for a test or else the papers will not pass and they will be labeled as failures.Writing papers services is great for students who are really interested in learning. However, they should not get too engrossed in it. This is because, if they do so, they will end up spending much time and money, which will not be beneficial to them. Writing papers is an important but, if used for too long, it can actually be harmful to the student.

An Importance Of Henrietta Lacks In Medicine - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1497 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Henrietta Lacks Essay Did you like this example? Â   In conclusion, without HeLa cells cancer, polio, syphilis, and AIDS would not have advanced without Henrietta Lacks. I do believe that because of the Jim Crow Laws that were enacted played a huge barrier as to how African American people were treated in healthcare due to their lack of education, poverty rate, lack of money, and their low socioeconomic status. HeLa cells helped scientist discover the different stages of cancer and how normal cells becomes cancerous. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance Of Henrietta Lacks In Medicine" essay for you Create order In hindsight, the unethical and immoral violations that were practiced during this time are beyond horrific. Because of the out- right deceit pertaining to Mrs. Lacks and other patients there is now informed consent forms that have to signed even if the patient is at a research hospital. No human being should be dissected and experimented on without his or her consent for any reason and for that reason there are now a code of ethics that doctors and scientists must abide by when dealing with patients, especially vulnerable ones. This really bothered me because her family later found out what went on with their mom and Deborah took it the hardest. She was Henriettas first daughter and it was only right that the universe connected Rebecca Skloot to her. Henriettas story is now told and her legacy will always be remembered and not hidden due to the unethical acts those doctors and scientists did. Even though her family was never compensated, Rebecca who is the writer of the Immoral Life of Henrietta Lacks, made a foundation for Henrietta and that is something worth the hurt and pain the family. After I finished reading the book, I did a little more research on my own, I found that when Henrietta was sick she didnt inform no one of her cervical cancer at first. She just continued going to her visits at John Hopkins hospital. This goes to show that she was a very strong woman. It shows that she kept her pain to herself. While the doctor worked on her, he placed radium inside her cervix and stitched her up. While he was operating, at that time, he took several specimens of her tumors that was sent to the lab for culturing. (Skloot, 2016) Henrietta had to finally reveal to her family that she had cancer because she was required to go to Hopkins every-day for month to begin x-ray therapy. Dr. Gey removed the radium from her cervix and sent her home, but she had to come back for another treatment. Henrietta cells began to grow uncontrollably after two days. He began to share the cells with his colleagues to experiment with at first. At first Henrietta did not appear to be sick fr om the radiation but shortly after, she got sicker and sicker. According to Skloot, The treatments caused burning on the skin of her trunk (Skloot, 2010). Even though her health was declining, the doctors were making advances in the fight against cancer with her cells. Eventually, Henriettas cells were shipped across the world to different labs. These labs would grow more of her cells then ship them to other doctors for their research. As Henriettas condition worsened, the doctors could not detect that the cancer was spreading. Henrietta was experiencing some abdominal pain but she seemed fine. Henrietta voiced her concerns to the doctors but refused to challenge them because they were white. Within weeks, she was diagnosed with inoperable cancer. Henrietta was sent home without any type of explanation. Her abdomen was now full of tumors and Henrietta was in excruciating pain. The doctors continued to perform radiation treatments to alleviate the pain and they wanted more cells from her cervix. These cells died immediately because her body was now filled with pollutants. The pain was so intense that morphine was not able to help ease the pain. Henrietta was dying and her body could no longer handle or process the toxins in her body. Friends and family instantly travelled to the hospital to donate blood. By this time, she was bed ridden and strapped into the bed to prevent falling and seizures. Henrietta passed away about a week later. (Skloot, 2010; Skloot, 2106) At that time in the 50s, a lot of segregation and racist acts were being done to African Americans. According to u-s-history.com, Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create separate but equal treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities. This was definitely a barrier as to why blacks didnt get proper treatment from not just the public health but proper treatment overall. African Americans at that time had little to no education with lower socioeconomic statuses compared to whites. Most came from poverty just as Henrietta did. Due to these reasons they had no knowledge of healthcare. Henrietta Lacks was not the only person that received unethical treatment from the public health. There was a study done called the Tuskegee Experiment that was conducted from 1932-1972. According to cdc.gov, In 1932, the Publi c Health Service, working with the Tuskegee Institute, began a study to record the natural history of syphilis in hopes of justifying treatment programs for blacks. It was called the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. The study initially involved 600 black men 399 with syphilis, 201 who did not have the disease. The study was conducted without the benefit of patients informed consent. Researchers told the men they were being treated for bad blood, a local term used to describe several ailments, including syphilis, anemia, and fatigue. In truth, they did not receive the proper treatment needed to cure their illness. In exchange for taking part in the study, the men received free medical exams, free meals, and burial insurance. Although originally projected to last 6 months, the study actually went on for 40 years. This too was an act that the public health did with doing things without the consent of patients. Many of those men died and many also passed the disea se to their wives and the wives passed it to their offspring by giving birth. This goes to show the history of African Americans and how they relate to the US medical health. It is very unfortunate that these things happened and if it wasnt for those barriers these situations would have played out very differently. This book opened my eyes even more as to how the health system failed us. No one really knew the whole story behind Henrietta Lacks and her cells. Rebecca was so determined to tell Henriettas story she reached out to Henriettas daughter Deborah and she told her moms story. Henrietta Lacks was a young beautiful woman that found a lump in her vagina after doing a self-examination. She had no idea what it was at first but it never went away. She went to John Hopkins hospital and Howard Jones later diagnosed her with cervical cancer. A doctor removed a piece of her tumor without consent and gave the sample to scientist/researcher named Dr. George Otto Gey, which he experimented on to see if her cells will remain alive and grow, which theyve been trying to do for years with cells of other patients. Henriettas cells did not die compared to the other cells. Those doctors and scientists violated several moral and ethical guidelines while extracting not only Henrietta tissue without her consent but other patients cells without their consent. The story of Henrietta Lacks is one example of the malicious treatment that the African American race, poor, disabled, incarcerated, and sickly children had to endure during this time period. For decades, scientists had been collecting tissue samples from patients without consent, searching for cells that could live outside the human body. In 1951, an African American woman by the name Henrietta Lacks entered a hospital in Baltimore, Maryland and everything changed. She was diagnosed with cervical cancer in Hopkins hospital. Her cancerous human tissue was so unique because it was the first cell line they discovered in over 30 years that can survive and reproduce indefinitely. Scientists were able to perform experiments that they never could before Henriettas tissue. Her cells strains were given the name Hela. For that reason, they didnt want to disclose her name, keeping in mind they used her cells without her consent. It has been given to laboratories around the world. Used by doctors and scientist to perform experiments and research starting with the polio vaccine. Mrs. Lacks died a little after her visit to John Hopkins due to her cervical cancer with no reconciliation that she was going to make history. The Lacks family was never compensated for their mothers contribution to science. In 1954, Microbiological Associates began selling Hela cells, which gave birth to the biomedical industry. Her cells made many major medical breakthroughs and thanks to Rebecca Skloot and her obsession with Mrs. Lacks, she wanted to tell her story.

The 1960s Of The United States - 925 Words

The United States of America has always seemed to have a sense of confidence in in itself and its people like no other country on the planet. This paper will discuss the affect the 1960s had on the cultural movement in The United States. With The Cold War at its peak, The American people were tenacious in being the number one global power. In the 1960s, The U.S. seemed to develop a new certainty in itself that was caused by the growing determination to be a superior nation to that of the Soviet Union. The United States not only wanted, but also needed to have the best military, the better space program, and also even be the best at certain pastime activities. Everything was a hostile competition between the two nations. As tensions rose between The US and The USSR, America’s assurance to be the best seemed to rise as well. The era of two hegemons was at full peak, the communist Soviets and the capitalist Americans were in full hostility. During this time â€Å"there was more acceptance in American society of the need for large armed forces as an instrument of foreign policy.† America needed to assert its dominance as a strong, if not the strongest military power in the world and the American public knew that was the way to combat communism and the Soviets. Although there was no physical combat between the superpowers, that didn’t decrease the tension between the two nations. Some major events involving the American military that affected the culture movement during the 1960sShow MoreRelatedThe 1960s Of The United States2314 Words   |  10 PagesThe 1960s in the United States was known for being a period of change. These changes were social, political, and environmental and left long lasting results on the country. People were challenging tradition and breaking free from their conservat ive pasts in the year’s prior in order to bring about reform to their country. 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However, by the late 1950s when Khruschev took over power, hostility was on the rise due to his efforts to bully the United States into dà ©tente through intimidation. Khruschev wished for, among

Critical Review of Australian Tax and Transfer System

Question: Describe about the Report for Critical Review of Australian Tax and Transfer System. Answer: A robust taxation system is considered to be the life blood of the government since it provides the vital revenue which the government requires to dispel its myriad responsibilities. The importance of taxation system in the recent past has increased by leaps and bounds as the responsibilities of the modern state continue to grow. Hence, unlike the past, the governments role is not limited to providing physical security but has to ensure that the citizens are able to enjoy a particular standard of life where certain basic requirements such as food, education, healthcare, shelter are taken care of. For the government to be able to discharge the above responsibilities, it is imperative that the tax system should be driven by four key principles namely equity, effectiveness, simplicity and efficiency (ACOSS, 2015). It is noteworthy that the role of taxation is not limited to being revenue raising measure for the national government but it actually much expansive. Through the taxation system, the government aims to fulfil a host of objectives which can be easily deciphered by conducting a through and critical review of the tax and transfer policy prevalent in Australia. Additionally, this would also serve another purpose i.e. to develop a better understanding of the tax implications and any overburden present in the tax and transfer system (Treasury, 2013). As a result, the various flaws in the current system would be identified and various measures would be suggested so as to ensure that the four principles are better complied with and the policy objectives are better realised. The core purpose of the taxation system is to act as a source of revenue to government for meeting its expenditures. However, tax revenue needs to be raised in a manner that does not penalise indulgence in activities leading to generation of income. This can be done by ensuring that any particular section must not carry a disproportional taxation burden. Therefore, it is required that the taxation laws must undergo a review on periodic basis so as to ensure that the concessions provided are appropriately targeted and not abused while the incidents involving tax evasion need to be minimised (CoA, 2015). However, while maintaining higher compliance from taxpayers, the central principles of a robust tax system must not be deviated from. Yet another objective of the tax system is to enhance the efficiency of allocation of scarce resources so as to generate maximum output. The resource allocation is altered through the application of differential tax rates with regards to consumption and production of specific goods and services. The effectiveness of differential tax at altering the underlying consumption patterns of customers has sufficient empirical evidence to indicate that products and services that have relatively lesser tax burden tend to be consumed in more quantities. Using taxation, it is possible for the government to promote goods associated with positive externality while discouraging usage of those goods which have negative externality associated with their consumption. This process if continued for a sufficient length of time tends to bring variation in the patterns of production and consumption which is skewed towards goods with lesser tax burden. This effectively leads to an increased allocative effici ency since the country produces goods beneficial for the society (Treasury, nd). Also, another objective of the taxation system is to cause income redistribution. The progressive direct taxation system is testimony to this as the rich have to pay tax at higher rates as compared to the poor. As a result, the income collected through tax from rich people is utilised for delivery of vital support services to the downtrodden and poor section which improves their standard of life. Hence, there is no denying the fact that income redistribution is achieved through taxation as the users of the various government schemes are the poor and vulnerable population who otherwise lack the purchasing power to avail the basic amenities (CoA, 2015). The Australian transfer system ensures that no section of the population is deprived from the usage of merit goods due to lack of purchasing power or any disability. Hence, assistance is provided to such people through cash payments which provide them opportunity to lead a normalised and prosperous life. It is estimated that almost 50% of the spending incurred through the transfer system is utilised for individuals who are either retired or disabled. Further, as the population becomes more aged in the near future, the importance of transfer system is poised to enhance which makes a valid case for enhancing their overall efficiency (CoA, 2008). Ever since the beginning of the last decade of 20th century, the tax revenues have surgse as indicated below. The main reason for this trend is the introduction of multitude of tax particularly the GST along with Capital Gains (1985) and rationalisation of tax system through the introduction of ITAA, 1997(ACTU, 2011). On one hand, the increase in revenue was positive news but this came at the cost of enhanced complexity in the tax regulation system. This was caused as the various taxes have their respective provisions with regards to concessions, threshold values. The effect was that that the taxpayers could not decipher the complex regulations which led to a rise in the overall compliance cost. The comparison of complexity Australian tax system in comparison with other prominent nations of both developed and developing world is presented below (ACTU, 2011). The rise in compliance costs causes due to rising complexity of the tax transfer system is highlighted below (CoA, 2015). The rising complexity in the tax system is evident from the above graph and the fact that there is a dip in the compliance costs at the turn of the decade implies that the government is also aware of the extent of the problem and hence taking active measures for simplification of tax system. However, these measures have continued to remain insufficient. Even now, huge sums of taxpayers money is being wasted for complying with tax regulations which instead needs to be used in a productive manner so as to fuel economic growth especially in the current times when the economic growth is lacklustre. Besides, the complexity of the system also provides incentives for specific behaviour on part of the taxpayers which results in inefficient allocation of resources. An apt illustration of the above is in the form of taxation policies towards affordable housing which have fallen short of the stated objectives. Instead these have proved to be counter-productive with a host of concessions and exemptions of payment of taxes and therefore instead of making it easier to buy a house, it has led to a frenzy which has led to the formation of a real estate bubble. This frenzy is led by the wealthy individuals and HNI (High Net Individuals) who tend to use residential property not only as an investment but as a mechanism to minimise their tax liability (ACOSS, 2015). In this regard, the IMF has advocated that the tax rebates must be used sparingly as they are in violation with the principles of equity and efficiency of a robust tax system. Despite this, Australia provides generous tax expenditure as depicted in the graph below which draws a comparison with other developed nations in this regard (Thornbill, 2015). It is apparent from the above discussion that the tax concessions extended to the housing sector is leading to distortions and hence urgent rationalisation is required. This would cause a change in the taxpayers behaviour and thereby ensure that the multiply policy objectives of the tax and transfer system are met. Further, housing tax expenditures leads to a double whammy for the government as on one hand, the revenues are being lost due to concessions while on the other hand, since these concessions are not reaching the poor and vulnerable, hence government needs to provide greater support as rent assistance which is expanding the fiscal deficit (ACOSS, 2015). It is apparent from the arguments listed above that tax and transfer system in place is inefficient and overburdened. As a result, a complete overhaul of the taxation system is required whereby emphasis is on four main taxes namely corporate tax, personal income tax, tax related to private consumption and also rent tax collected on usage of economic resources owned by the state. These four taxes have been selected as a major portion of the tax revenue is earned through these taxes only. Taxes besides the above ones should continue to exist only if a particular social/economic issue is being addressed such as the taxation on cigarettes. Other taxes which do not belong to the above shall be abolished as these lead to an enhancement in the complexity of the taxation system without significant incremental revenue (Treasury, 2013). For attracting more foreign investors, it is required that there must be an reduction in the corporate tax rate to 25% over a period of time. Besides, the imputation policy employed for dividends also needs to be modified so as be in sync with the global practices in this regard (BCA, 2014). To make up for the loss in tax through the decrease in corporate tax rate, rationalisation of tax expenditures is the need of the hour. Additionally, for increasing the female participation rate in labour, there needs to be a marked improvement in the child care services and emphasis should be on making these affordable. Besides, for enhancing the workforce diversity, vulnerable sections should be given support in the form of payments for supporting the income (CoA, 2008). Also, there is a strong case for rationalisation of personal income tax so that there is wider coverage and simple regulations. Further, an increase in the threshold income level to $ 25,000 is also recommended as for lower income, the compliance costs tend to be more substantial than the actual tax collected. Besides, it is imperative that no liabilities must be attached to the various transfer payments (example: allowances and pensions). Additionally, for individuals who belong to the labour force but fail to contribute fully must be given participation allowances. Also, differential threshold levels should be introduced for assistance payments extended to aged, students and the cared. This is because their needs are quite different which must be reflected in the assistance provided. Further, indexing of assistance payments for inflation must be done as currently this is not the case (CoA, 2015). The various allowances and pension payments shall be provided not on the basis of the asset test but on the analysis of comprehensive means which would ensure better targeting. Also, the family assistance program needs to be integrated into a unified program so that the quantum of assistance is driven by the total familys taxable income levels. Further, certain levies that the state enforces are highly inefficient and must pave way for low-rate destination cash flow tax. The revenue raised through this can be utilised by the local and state governments for public welfare. The GST that applies on financial services shall be replaced with a separate financial services tax which could result in gains if the modalities are prudently worked out based on consultations with stakeholders (CoA, 2008). The royalty system in place currently also needs to be discontinued and a 40% resource rent tax shall instead be levied so as to ensure that volatility of prices can be reflected in the governments revenue. Also, the employees superannuation contribution should be made tax free but the contribution from the employer in this regard needs to be brought within the tax net provided there is breach of a reasonable limit (Treasury, 2013). Based on the above discussion and the various arguments, it may be concluded that the current tax and transfer system seems overburdened and complex despite efforts by government in this regard. Also, the transfer system suffers from targeting errors due to which they are utilised by the relatively richer population and hence requires an overhaul based on the central tenets of sound taxation system. References ACTU 2011, Paying our Way: Personal income tax in Australia. Australia Tax Paper No.4 , pp. 4-37 BCA 2014, The future of tax, Business Council of Australia, Available online from www.bca.com.au/.../Future_of_Tax_Australias_Current_Tax_System_FI (Accessed on August 5, 2016)CoA 2008, Architecture of Australias tax and transfer system, Commonwealth of Australia, Available online from https://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/downloads/report/architecture_of_australias_tax_and_transfer_system_revised.pdf (Accessed on August 5, 2016)CoA 2015, Tax Discussion Paper, Commonwealth of Australia, Available online from https://bettertax.gov.au/files/2015/03/TWP_combined-online.pdf (Accessed on August 5, 2016)Treasury nd, 2.4 The objectives of taxation, Australian Government, Available online from https://comparativetaxation.treasury.gov.au/content/report/html/04_Chapter_2-03.asp (Accessed on August 5, 2016)Treasury 2013, 2.10 Administration of the taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtransfer system, Australian Government, Available online from https://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/Paper.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/report/section_2-10.htm (Accessed on August 5, 2016) ACOSS 2015. Fuel on the Fire, Australian Council of Social Service, Available online from https://www.acoss.org.au/images/uploads/Fuel_on_the_fire.pdf (Accessed on August 5, 2016) Smith, L. 2015. Superannuation tax concessions poorly targeted: ACOSS, SolePurposeTest Blog, Available online from https://www.solepurposetest.com/news/superannuation-tax-concessions-poorly-targeted/ (Accessed on August 5, 2016) Smith, G. 2013. Australian tax reform: Post-Henry, CEDA Council on Economic Policy, Available online from https://adminpanel.ceda.com.au/FOLDERS/Service/Files/Documents/15436~gregsmith_ccep032013_web2.pdf (Accessed on August 5, 2016) Thornbill, A. 2015. Our tax systems not so progressive ACOSS, Private Briefing Website, Available online from https://privatebriefing.com.au/2015/01/24/our-tax-systems-not-so-progressive-acoss/ (Accessed on August 5, 2016)